解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Resistance of nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens to antimicrobial agents is a serious problem with significant clinical consequences. Microbiologic surveillance data, such as those provided by the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System, supply information on current nosocomial pathogens in the Uni...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of a high-fat breakfast on single-dose, zidovudine (ZDV) pharmacokinetics. DESIGN:Open-label, randomized, crossover study. PATIENTS:Eighteen asymptomatic subjects (12 men, 6 women) infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (mean CD4 cell counts of 512 +/- 178/mm3). INTERV...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little information has been published concerning differences among the benzodiazepines in treating hospitalized patients with severe symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. We attempted to determine the length and type of hospital stay, and the pattern and appropriateness of administration, dosage requirements, and costs asso...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To characterize patient sociodemographics and health, describe vancomycin treatment parameters and clinician-rated outcomes, and determine costs associated with treatment including preparation and administration, adverse events, and toxicity. DESIGN:A prospective study to develop a model for costs ass...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In critically ill patients with acute renal failure, continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration (CAVHD) has become an increasing popular supportive technique. An adult with acute renal failure during CAVHD therapy received fluconazole. Drug clearance by the hemodiafilter system and its total body clearance during the ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the extent of hospital-based clinical pharmacy services in 1992. DESIGN:National survey with trend comparison to 1989. SETTING:All 1597 United States acute care, general medical-surgical and pediatric hospitals with 50 or more licensed beds and one or more full-time pharmacists (43% of al...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major depression afflicts a significant percentage of the population, and optimum therapy is often limited by the poor tolerability and lethality in overdose of the tricyclic antidepressants. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine, sertraline, and, more recently, paroxetine are viewed as welcom...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although studies have shown that patients can distinguish probable adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from adverse clinical events (ACEs) caused by other factors, it is not known whether these attribution judgments add any independent validity to other accepted methods of identifying ADRs, such as physician assessments or ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paclitaxel is a novel antineoplastic that effects cytotoxicity by promoting intracellular tubulin polymerization and stabilizes abnormal microtubule structures against depolymerization. Although its clinical development had been hampered by misconceptions about its pharmacology, its scarcity, difficulties extracting i...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1994.tb02785.x
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the bioavailability and renal elimination of para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and its inactive metabolite acetyl-para-aminosalicylic acid (AcPAS) from a new PAS formulation. DESIGN:(a) Single-dose pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers; (b) Day-1 and day-8 pharmacokinetic comparison in ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1994.tb02787.x
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis, the great killer of Western society, probably is initiated when the balance of subendothelial lipoproteins and oxidation potential is upset. Oxidation products, especially oxidized low-density lipoprotein, set into motion the cascading of numerous pathways, culminating in the fibrous atherosclerotic p...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to plague humanity. In the United States, conditions have taken a decided turn for the worse, with an increasing frequency of infection and the spread of multiple-drug-resistant strains. A number of strategies are available to improve the management of this epidemi...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antihistamines and decongestants often are used interchangeably and in combination for a variety of upper respiratory illnesses ranging from allergic rhinitis to the common cold; yet, these two classes of drugs have distinct therapeutic actions. When administered alone, antihistamines are of no value in reducing nasal...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium channel blockers are extensively used for their beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Solid organ transplant recipients commonly have cardiovascular disease and are often treated with these agents. Research demonstrates that calcium antagonists may have beneficial effects in this population that are...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients enrolled in a fixed-dose clinical trial of oral ciprofloxacin had trough concentrations measured to document absorption and monitor compliance. The objective was to determine whether any demographic characteristics might be important predictors of the concentrations. Stepwise multivariate linear regression re...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension and diabetes appear to increase coronary heart disease risk in part by causing an abnormality in lipid metabolism. Most affected are patients with familial dyslipidemic hypertension (FDH) and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The lipid disorders most often encountered in these patients are i...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A popular garlic preparation containing 1.3% allicin at a large dose (2400 mg) was evaluated in this open-label study in nine patients with rather severe hypertension (diastolic blood pressure > or = 115 mm Hg). Sitting blood pressure fell 7/16 (+/- 3/2 SD) mm Hg at peak effect approximately 5 hours after the dose, wi...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certification of pharmacotherapy specialists is proceeding smoothly. Modifications to the examination process, which include reapportioning domains, offering the examination at several sites, and establishing the recertification process, have occurred. The guidelines for petitioners and structure of specialization con...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accuracy of 2- and 8- hour urine collections for estimating creatinine clearance was compared with that of the standard 24-hour procedure in 45 hospitalized elderly patients (age > or = 65 yrs) with indwelling urethral catheters. Urine was collected at blocked intervals from 0-2, 2-8, and 8-24 hours and then added...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The basic tenet of pharmaceutical care asserts that the delivery of optimal, cost-effective pharmacotherapy can be best achieved by identifying, resolving, and preventing drug-related problems. Drug use evaluation (DUE) is one of the primary tools used to achieve these ends. Fluoroquinolone antimicrobials meet Joint C...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 63-year-old man with ventricular tachycardia (VT) refractory to drug therapy was admitted for surgical ablation of the VT with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. He developed increased theophylline concentrations with decreased calculated theophylline clearance after propafenone therapy for recurrent VT was initi...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system is a complex network of components functioning to provide host defense. This network consists of immunologic cells and their products (e.g., interleukins and colony-stimulating factors), organs, tissues, complement, and major histocompatibility complex antigens. These components are organized into sp...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical and economic impacts of bacterial resistance are substantial. The development of bacterial resistance during a course of therapy often leads to clinical failure, prolonged hospitalization, increased morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs. Resistance has been reported to occur most frequentl...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) antagonist that was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis. The mechanism of action is thought to be due to competitive inhibition of specific serotonin receptors in the central nervous ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined whether low doses of phenytoin, which should be associated with few dose-related side effects, may increase the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Of 35 healthy adult men who consented to participate, 31 completed the study. They took no medications and consumed no alcohol during the stu...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A few reports in the literature describe zidovudine (AZT) pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing hemodialysis; however, the effect of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on the drug's disposition has not been studied. The pharmacokinetics of AZT were evaluated in five patients, age 37-62 years, who were ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical usefulness of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on the posturally induced fall in creatinine clearance (ClCr) was studied in patients with biopsy-proved chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). After a change from supine to upright position, ClCr fell significantly in all patients. This fall was signifi...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treating elderly debilitated patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmia may be difficult. Traditional therapy includes use of limited resources (intensive care unit monitoring) and expensive interventions (permanent pacemaker insertion). When a pacemaker is not ideal or appropriate, yet intervention is desired to impro...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) is a hematopoietic protein that has been studied both in vitro and in vivo in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Since both HIV infection primarily and zidovudine (formerly AZT) treatment secondarily may result in neutropenia, administration of GMCSF ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 39-year-old woman was evaluated for possible liver transplantation due to rapidly developing hepatic failure 4 weeks after initiation of oral minocycline 100 mg twice a day for the treatment of acne. The patient developed a maculopapular rash, malaise, fever, nausea, and vomiting 2 weeks prior to admission to the ho...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aztreonam is the first monobactam available for use in this country. A parenteral antibiotic, its antibacterial spectrum is limited to gram-negative aerobic pathogens. The drug's pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicologic properties are reviewed. Based on early experience in pediatric patients, certain recommenda...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the introduction of penicillin G into therapeutics, bacteria became increasingly resistant to this penicillin and subsequent beta-lactam antibiotics. The major cause of this resistance is beta-lactamase, an enzyme produced by the bacterium, that destroys the antibiotic before it reaches its target within the bac...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to describe the postinduction clearance of carbamazepine (CBZ) in adult psychiatric patients by population pharmacokinetic analysis using the NONMEM program. Specifically, an estimate of CBZ clearance and insight into the effect of common patient characteristics on clearance were sought...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ceftazidime, a beta-lactamase-stable, third-generation cephalosporin, is widely used for the treatment of serious gram-negative infections. Neurotoxicity has rarely been associated with the drug; however, two of our patients developed ceftazidime-induced neurotoxicity that produced confusion, disorientation, agitation...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cephalosporins are often administered to prevent infections that can follow total joint replacements (TJR) and other arthroplastic procedures. However, recommendations contained within published guidelines and review articles vary greatly from those given by the manufacturer in product information circulars. Similarly...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclosporine can be given intravenously or orally, as a solution or soft gelatin capsule. Because of the drug's poor water solubility, ethoxylated plant fats and ethanol are added to the commercially available dosage forms. ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cefepime is a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin with gram-positive and gram-negative coverage including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We evaluated the drug's plasma, peritoneal fluid, and appendix tissue concentrations in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of perforated or gangrenous appendi...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the formulary system for effective cost containment is becoming increasingly important. With antimicrobial agents taking up a large proportion of most pharmaceutical budgets, this group of agents is an obvious target for cost reduction. The responsible interchange of selected antimicrobial agents offers a ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial lung penetration is thought to be predictive of efficacy in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. Lung penetration studies are commonly conducted with new antimicrobial agents to elucidate their potential utility in treating such infections. Although some very useful information may emerge...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant human erythropoietin reverses the severe anemia associated with end-stage renal disease. Mean half-life values after a single intravenous bolus dose range from 4-13 hours. Renal clearance is not a significant route of elimination. Dosing schedules in chronic renal failure involve a single intravenous bolus...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00